Stomata are microscopic pores controlled by guard cells that regulate gas exchange and water loss in plants. These dynamic structures respond to environmental conditions, balancing the plant's need for CO₂ uptake with water conservation.
Turgor pressure: water pressure determines cell shape
K⁺ pumps: active transport regulates ion concentration
Light response: blue light triggers opening
CO₂ levels: low CO₂ promotes stomatal opening
Stomatal Facts!
Guard cells can change volume by up to 40% in just 15 minutes, making stomata among the fastest-responding structures in plants!
🎯 Learning Objectives
Understand how guard cells control stomatal opening, learn about environmental factors affecting regulation, and appreciate the balance between gas exchange and water conservation.